mniꯂꯣꯜ

Jul 02, 2026

ꯁꯣꯂꯥꯔ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯟ: ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯗꯨ꯫

ꯄꯥꯎꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯎ

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕꯣꯛꯁ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯕꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯱꯰꯰% ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯟ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯌꯥꯃꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯦꯕꯤꯅꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯦꯠ (ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯄꯤ.) ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯖꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ, ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁꯤ, ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ, ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ, ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯦꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ: ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯨ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯨ, ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯥꯔ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯂꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ BMS ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧ꯫ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯟ ꯔꯦꯟꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯥꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖ, ꯕꯦꯀꯑꯞ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ - ꯂꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ-ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫

Lithium-ion battery lifespan factors

ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ: ꯏꯟꯁꯥꯏꯀꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫(ꯐꯨꯜ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ-ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯏꯛꯌꯨꯏꯕꯦꯂꯟꯁ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯆꯍꯤꯁꯤꯡ(ꯀꯦꯂꯦꯟꯗꯔꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ)꯫ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ 70–80%ꯗꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ "ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ" ꯌꯧꯏ - ꯄꯦꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯀꯁꯨ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

  • ꯀꯟꯖꯨꯃꯔ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁꯁꯤꯡ (ꯐꯣꯟ, ꯂꯦꯄꯇꯣꯞ, ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯌꯁꯤꯡ):ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯖꯔꯕꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫ꯅꯣꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯀꯟꯖꯨꯃꯔ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ 300–500ꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯐꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
  • ꯁꯣꯂꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯦꯀꯑꯞ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖ (ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ LFP):ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯛꯂꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ LFP ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯗꯦꯇꯥꯁꯤꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ - ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ - ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ 10+ꯗꯥ ꯍꯟꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯍꯦꯗꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯅꯝꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧ, ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯔꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯗꯕꯥ (ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ)꯫
  • ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ: ꯱.ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛ ꯁꯤꯠ ꯐꯤꯒꯔ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ - ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ, ꯑꯦꯝꯕꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ, C-ꯔꯦꯠ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯜ -ꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯏꯃꯦꯠ-ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯔꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯊꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯛ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ꯫

ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ (ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯦꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯜꯗꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯀꯑꯞ ꯔꯅꯇꯥꯏꯝ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯏꯅꯥ, ꯂꯣꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯇꯦꯖ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯄꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯎꯠꯄꯨꯠ ꯋꯥꯠꯄꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯁ.

ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯘꯗꯤ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ꯫ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯍꯣꯜꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯠꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯦꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ-ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ꯀꯦꯂꯦꯟꯗꯔꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ꯫ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯗꯦꯟꯇꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ - ꯍꯣꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯕꯁꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ. ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯀꯁꯨ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯇꯥꯏꯝ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯂꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ (ꯕ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ)ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ-ꯒꯤ-ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯍꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯤ, ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯂꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁꯤ -ꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯕꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯄꯦꯛ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯦꯛ-ꯂꯦꯕꯦꯜ ꯅꯝꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯗꯦꯇꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯖꯔꯕꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔ 9-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯟ꯫

1. ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ (ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ)

ꯗꯦꯄꯊ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ (DoD) ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯀꯌꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯱꯰꯰%ꯗꯒꯤ ꯲꯰% ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯊꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯸꯰%ꯗꯒꯤ ꯴꯰% ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ-ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯇꯦꯕꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯗꯤꯞ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯗꯥ, ꯑꯟꯗꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯕꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯐ-ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯗ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯛ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯄꯅꯤ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯞ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯞ ꯇꯉꯈꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯏ꯫

2. ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ (ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯆꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ)

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ (ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯣ.ꯁꯤ.) ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯄꯦꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ SoCꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ - ꯐꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯇꯇꯥ - ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯡꯁꯤꯂꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯋꯤꯟꯗꯣ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ 100%ꯗꯥ ꯇꯣꯞꯄꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯝꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯁꯣꯂꯥꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯋꯥꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ: ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ-ꯀꯅꯐꯤꯒꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯚꯥꯔꯇꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯞ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

꯳.ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ (ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯚꯔ) ꯳.

ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯅꯤ; ꯀꯣꯜꯗꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯑꯥꯎꯇꯄꯨꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯟꯁꯇꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ - ꯑꯌꯨꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯔꯦꯖ ꯋꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯕꯣꯜꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯥꯔ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯔꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯁꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ 30 ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ (86 ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ F)ꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯨꯜ, ꯁꯨꯡꯕꯥ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ{0}}ꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯂꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ꯫ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ꯫ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯚ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

꯴.ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ꯫

ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ C-ꯔꯦꯠ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯝ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯂꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ: ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤ, ꯚꯣꯜꯇ, ꯀꯔꯦꯟꯇ ꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ BMS ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯐ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯁꯤꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯋꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯁꯣꯂꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯚꯥꯔꯇꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯂꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯞ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯐꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫

꯵.ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ꯫

ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯁꯨꯗꯦ꯫ LFP (LiFePO4)ꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯦꯀꯑꯞ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ; ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯁꯤ.ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯁꯦꯜ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯀꯟꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤ, ꯄꯦꯛ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯅꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛ ꯁꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ...ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯚꯣꯜꯇꯦꯖ LFP ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯗꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ-ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯤ꯫

꯶.ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ (ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁꯔꯤꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ)

BMSꯅꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯇ, ꯀꯔꯦꯟꯇ, ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯆꯥꯔꯖ, ꯑꯣꯚꯔ-ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ, ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯍꯤꯇꯤꯡ, ꯁꯣꯔꯠ ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯏꯠ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯃꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ - ꯑꯣꯐ-ꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯌꯨꯔꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯥꯔꯀꯦꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯀꯣꯜ, ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ-ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯁꯃꯦꯟꯇ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯣꯜꯇ ꯂꯣꯒꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯔꯤꯚꯤꯌꯨ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ꯫, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯇꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫

꯷.ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯜ꯫

ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯊꯧꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯨꯛꯇꯪ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯁꯨꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖ ꯂꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯣꯇꯣꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯀꯔꯦꯟꯇ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ - ꯃꯣꯇꯣꯔ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔꯇꯑꯞ ꯁꯔꯖ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯂꯣꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯚꯥꯔꯇꯔ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯁꯣꯂꯥꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖꯗꯥ, ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯊꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯩ; ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯂꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯡ, ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯡꯆꯠꯇꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯗꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯚꯥꯔꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯤ꯫

꯸.ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖꯗꯁꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯗꯥ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯤꯇꯇꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯂꯦꯚꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯨꯜ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯃꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯂꯦꯚꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯨ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯇꯔꯨ-ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯉꯥꯂꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ꯫

꯹.ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯟꯗꯔꯄꯥꯔꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ: ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ, ꯃꯦꯆ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯚꯥꯔꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯔ, ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯕꯜ ꯒꯦꯖ, ꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ, ꯁꯥꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯎꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯏꯁꯤꯡ/ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ/ꯚꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ, ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯁ., ꯏꯅꯚꯥꯔꯇꯔ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯣꯅꯤꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯅꯕꯥ꯫ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯚꯥꯔꯇꯔ-BMS ꯀꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯃꯤꯁꯃꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯅꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ - ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫

Key factors affecting lithium-ion battery life

ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯕꯅꯥꯝ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯕꯅꯥꯝ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ꯫

ꯃꯔꯝ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯒꯦ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯂꯧꯈꯠꯄꯥ꯫
ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ꯫ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯦꯗ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯔꯨꯇꯤꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ 100%–0% ꯁꯥꯏꯛꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ; ꯍꯦꯗꯔꯨꯝ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯒꯤ ꯔꯥꯖ꯭ꯌ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ SoCꯗꯥ ꯂꯣꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯋꯤꯟꯗꯣ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧ꯫
ꯑꯏꯪꯑꯁꯥ ꯍꯤꯇꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯡꯁꯤꯂꯍꯜꯂꯤ; ꯀꯣꯜꯗ ꯀꯠ ꯑꯥꯎꯠꯄꯨꯠ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯨꯜ, ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯂꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ꯫
ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯔꯦꯠ / ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯜ꯫ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ C-ꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯂꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯔ/ ꯏꯅꯚꯥꯔꯇꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯁ
ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯀꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫ ꯋꯥꯏꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯏ-ꯑꯉꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯀꯣꯜ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯣꯜꯇ ꯂꯣꯒꯁꯤꯡ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧ꯫
ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ ꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯃꯗꯧꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ, ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯐ꯭ꯂꯣ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯚꯥꯔꯇꯔ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯀꯅꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯇꯧ꯫

ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ꯫

ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫

ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯕꯥ-ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ-ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ 100%ꯗꯒꯤ 0% ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯨ. ꯄꯦꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯣꯞꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨ ꯍꯦꯕꯤꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯍꯤꯠ ꯕꯤꯜꯗ-ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯦꯗ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯨ

ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯐ꯭ꯂꯣ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯕꯣꯛꯁꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯠ-ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯏꯛꯌꯨꯏꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ꯫ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯂꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯔꯨꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯂꯦꯁꯟ, ꯏꯅꯁꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯇꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯀꯅꯨ -꯫ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯥ꯫ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯱꯰ꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯶ꯀꯤ ꯄꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯞ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ꯫

ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯀꯑꯞ ꯏꯚꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯤꯞ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯩ; ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯆꯠꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯜꯇ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯣꯂꯥꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖꯗꯥ, ꯄꯦꯄꯔꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯛꯁꯤꯃꯝ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ DoD ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯠ ꯇꯧ꯫

ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯥꯔ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫

ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯣꯜꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯛꯌꯨꯏꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯁꯦꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯇ, ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯔꯦꯟꯇ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯅꯀꯝꯄꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯀꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯦꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫

ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯇ, ꯀꯔꯦꯟꯇ, ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ, SoC, ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯣꯜꯇ ꯂꯣꯒꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯉꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯋꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ - ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯍꯤꯇꯤꯡ, ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ, ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ BMS ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯔꯝ, ꯁꯦꯜ ꯏꯃꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ - ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯗꯦꯇꯥꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯁꯣꯂꯥꯔ ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖ: ꯁꯣꯂꯥꯔ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯥ꯫

ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯂꯥꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖꯗꯥ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ - ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯂꯥꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯜꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ꯫. ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯁꯣꯂꯥꯔꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯃꯥꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ: ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

Solar lithium battery storage installation

ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯕꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧ꯫

ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯗ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ: ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯋꯥꯠ 8 ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯋꯥꯠ 10ꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ 20% (ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ 80%ꯒꯤ DoD) ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ 15 kWh ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ 47% (~53% DoD) ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯌꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ - ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ - ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯌꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯗꯣꯗ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯦꯞ ꯇꯧ꯫ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤ, ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ, ꯕꯦꯀꯑꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯅꯚꯥꯔꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯁ

ꯄꯦꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ, ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯣꯜꯇ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯔꯗꯤꯅꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯚꯥꯔꯇꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯐꯥꯎꯗꯣꯛꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯟꯗꯔꯆꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ, ꯑꯣꯚꯔ-ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ, ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟ ꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯁꯣꯂꯥꯔ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯔꯦꯖ, ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯔꯨꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀꯦꯕꯤꯅꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ - ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯨ ꯑꯁꯥꯕꯥ, ꯏꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯩꯁꯥ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯄꯦꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯔꯦꯟꯖꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯨ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯑꯦꯅꯛꯂꯣꯖꯔ ꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ, ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯐ꯭ꯂꯣ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ꯫

LiFePO4 vs NMC: ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ?

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯁꯅꯦꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, LFP (LiFePO4)ꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯦꯀꯑꯞ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯁꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁ ꯍꯟꯊꯕꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯌꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫

ꯄꯨꯀꯆꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯋꯥ: ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯐꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ-ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ NMC ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ LFP ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯀꯁꯨ DoD, ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ, C-ꯔꯦꯠ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯀꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ-ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯍꯣꯜꯗꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ-, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ꯫

ꯋꯥꯔꯅꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯁꯨꯔꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫

  • ꯕꯦꯀꯑꯞ ꯔꯅꯇꯥꯏꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯛꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯏꯔꯦ꯫
  • ꯂꯣꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤ꯫
  • ꯄꯦꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫
  • BMS ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ-ꯏꯃꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯋꯥꯔꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫
  • ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ-ꯑꯐ-ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯔꯤꯗꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯃꯆꯠ ꯁꯥꯖꯠ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫
  • ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫

ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯌꯕꯁꯤꯡ꯫

  • ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
  • ꯑꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ꯫
  • ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯅꯚꯥꯔꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ꯫
  • ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯀꯤ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯋꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫
  • ꯑꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
  • ꯏꯅꯀꯃꯄꯦꯇꯤꯕꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯃꯦꯠ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯃꯣꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯤꯛꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
  • ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯊꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
  • ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯕꯒꯤ ꯒꯔꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯗꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯣꯁ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯡ-ꯇꯔꯝ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯑꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ꯫

ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ FAQ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ꯫

ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯎ: ꯀꯟꯖꯨꯃꯔ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ 300–500ꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯥꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ LFP ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ 10+ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ, ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯃꯗꯥ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯟꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯎ: ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯄꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ, ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯁꯣꯂꯥꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯚꯥꯔꯇꯔ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯤ꯫

ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯔꯥ?

ꯎ: ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯞ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ-ꯊꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯑꯣꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯜꯇ ꯍꯦꯕꯤꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯍꯤꯇꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯎ: ꯍꯣꯌ꯫ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯣꯁ ꯌꯥꯡꯁꯤꯂꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯨꯂꯔ, ꯁꯨꯡꯕꯥ, ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔ ꯇꯧ꯫

ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯐꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯔꯥ?

ꯎ: ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯔꯦꯠ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ ꯏꯛꯌꯨꯏꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫

ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯎ: ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯨ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯀꯨꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯨꯡꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ꯫ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫

ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯂꯥꯔ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯔꯥ?

ꯎ: ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯄꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ, ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯦꯠꯄꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯛꯂꯤꯡ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ꯫ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯀꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯚꯥꯔꯇꯔ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯀꯑꯣꯌꯦꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯦꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ, ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ, ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ - ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯤ꯫ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨ ꯍꯦꯕꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ ꯔꯨꯇꯤꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯞ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ, ꯍꯤꯠ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯇꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ ꯏꯛꯕꯤꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ BMS ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯅꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁꯣꯂꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ: ꯁꯥꯏꯖ, ꯏꯅꯚꯥꯔꯇꯔ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ, ꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯂꯦꯁꯟ, ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯐꯪꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯗ, ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯈꯜꯂꯨ - ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ-ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯪꯎ.

ꯏꯅꯛꯕꯥꯔꯤ ꯊꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ
ꯁ꯭ꯃꯥꯔꯠ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ, ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯅꯣꯚꯦꯂꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯗꯤꯁꯔꯞꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯈꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯂꯤꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯄꯤꯛ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯦꯕꯜ, ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ-ꯔꯦꯗꯤ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯄꯥꯔꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫